Data transmission.
Let's briefly look at how data is transferred from one node to another using the IPS data encapsulation
model.
In this diagram, you are seeing the simple Ethernet network with the three nodes.
One, two, two, three.
So here in this example, the node at here, actually let's name this the typhoons.
Computer.
And here let's actually make this oxly.com and.
Or for example.
iPhones.
Network, right?
Yeah, in our laptop.
Here.
So.
And for example, with the IP address, 192.168 .0. 101 named Typhoons.
Computer Typhoons computer wants to send the data using the IP protocol to the node at the with the
IP address here.
Telecom.
The IP address 192.168 .0. 108.
And the switch device.
This is the switch device of us.
Forwards Ethernet frames between all nodes on the network.
The switch doesn't need an IP address because it operates only at the link layer.
Remember what the what link layer is this?
This is the layer one.
So the switch device.
Doesn't need an IP address because it operates only at the link layer.
And here I will write that down.
What what is take place takes place to send the data between two nodes.
The first step.
The operating.
System.
Actually, let me copy this.
Here.
Yeah.
And make topper.
The first step.
Step one.
The operating system network stack.
So the operating system network stack node.
Encapsulates the application and transport layer data and builds an IP packet with a source address
of 192.168 .0. 101.
Remember, this is the Typhoon's computer IP address.
And the destination address here I read wrote that as a to the destination address of 192.168 .0. 108.
And the step two after that.
Step two is, um.
The operating system can at this point encapsulate the IP data as an Ethernet frame.
Encapsulate IP IP data as an Ethernet frame.
So the operating system can at this point, as I said.
Encapsulate IP data as an Ethernet frame, but it might not know the Mac address of the target node
and it can request the Mac address for a particular IP address using the address resolution protocol.
ARP, which sends a request to all nodes on the network to find that the Mac address for the destination
IP address and a step three.
Step three is once the node at Typhoon's computer receives an address resolution protocol response,
it can build the frame right as here.
So the setting source address of the local MAC address of here.
1155774A1B, b.
And the destination address.
So the destination address is actually this and here.
Our address resolution Protocol just figured out our typhoon's computer Mac address and tells us that
our source MAC address is Typhoon's computer Mac address.
And the destination is this.
And the step four is.
Actually a sharp response.
Step three was area response and the step four is that then the lastly, the switch forwards the frame
to the destination node, which unpacks the IP packet and verifies that the destination IP address matches.
Then the IP payload is extracted and the passes up to the stack to be received by the waiting application.